Riding Rules for Tots and Teens

Beyond the basics--children shouldn't sit in front of an air bag, infants need to be in rear-facing child seats--take note of these tips regarding kids and cars that you probably haven't heard

By Jayne O'Donnell
http://www.clubmom.com

Car seats and coats don't always mix.
Before you buckle your baby in a child safety seat during the cold winter months, take off bulky snowsuits and coats. The child seat harnesses won't work as effectively if there's all that cushioning between the baby and the belts. Instead, use blankets to keep your baby warm. (By the way, the same goes for grownups and their winter wraps.)

Some rearview mirrors can be dangerous.
Watch out for mirrors sold to help you keep an eye on your rear-facing infant. Many suction onto the back window or otherwise attach to the back of the car. In a crash—or even if you just stop short—the mirror can go flying and hit your baby or other occupants in the head.

An unlocked auto is a hazard waiting to happen.
Always keep your car locked, even if you live in the safest of neighborhoods. During 2000, at least 32 deaths were attributed to kids being left unattended in or around cars. And that's not just from joyriders—this includes young children who became locked in trunks. It happens because in many vehicle models, children may be able to pop the trunk (from inside or outside) when the car's unlocked, or access the trunk via a pass-through in the backseat.

Not all safety belts save lives.
Beware of safety-belt adjusters, sold in stores, that are designed to make adult safety belts fit kids. These devices are not tested or regulated by the federal government and may, in fact, decrease the effectiveness of a vehicle's safety belts—especially for very young children. General Motors does offer a built-in belt adjuster that the company tests with its belts, and the government says it's okay. Otherwise, if your car's safety belts don't fit a child under 80 pounds, buy a booster seat.

There are rare instances when young kids are safest sitting up front.
While children younger than 13 are generally safest sitting in the back seat of a vehicle, here is an exception: If you drive an older model car that doesn't have a front passenger-side air bag, does have a three-point safety belt in the front passenger seat, and only has lap belts in back. In this case, a child who can no longer fit in a front-facing child safety seat but doesn't yet fit the vehicle's safety belts properly on his own is best off sitting up front in a booster seat, using the vehicle's lap-shoulder belt.

When riding shotgun, it's best to be empty-handed.
Never allow a passenger sitting in the front seat of your car to hold toys, games, or anything else that would come between him and a deploying air bag. At least one child has been seriously injured when the bag hit a toy in front of his face.

ClubMom's AutoPro, Jayne O'Donnell, is a Washington, D.C.-based reporter (and new mom!) whose automotive expertise and investigative reporting skills have helped break some of the biggest auto-safety stories of the past several years.

Copyright © 1999-2004 ClubMom, Inc. All rights reserved.

Booster Seat Basics

By Jayne O'Donnell
http://www.clubmom.com

I know, I know. Getting a 6-year-old who has been riding in the car like a "big girl" to go back to a child seat would be no easy task. But now there's considerable evidence that keeping older kids in booster seats until they reach small-adult size reduces injuries and saves lives.

Still, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says fewer than 7 percent of the 20 million U.S. children ages 4 to 8 are riding in booster seats. That's a frightening statistic when you consider that more than 500 children in this age group are killed in car accidents each year, and thousands more are injured. Safety experts say many of the deaths and injuries could be prevented by the proper use of booster seats.

Understanding the Necessity
When children wear adult safety belts too soon, their internal organs can be injured if the belts ride up and slice into their stomachs in a crash. If shoulder belts are put behind their backs, their torsos can jackknife forward, increasing the chance of head and abdominal injuries. More than 80 percent of 4- to 8-year-old passengers in 30,000 car crashes studied by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and State Farm Insurance were improperly restrained in adult-size safety belts. And the results were often tragic.

Autumn Alexander Skeen lost her 4-year-old son in a crash when an adult seat belt failed to keep him inside the car. Skeen is now a spokeswoman for Ford Motor Company's educational campaign promoting booster-seat use. "No parent should ever know the pain of losing a child, especially if death or injury is easily preventable," Skeen says.

A Simple Solution
Booster seats raise children up off the seat to position them in adult belts properly. These special seats are recommended for kids who weigh 40 to 80 pounds and are intended for use in the back seat of vehicles that have three-point lap/shoulder belts. (Remember, children younger than 13 should never ride up front in a car that has front air bags.) Children can usually safely use adult belts in the back seat once they reach a height of four feet nine inches and weigh 80 pounds.

Booster seats are available at many major department stores and at Web sites and superstores that carry children's products. Your vehicle's manufacturer or your insurance company may also be able to make suggestions about where to buy a booster seat in your neighborhood. Some insurance and car companies even have special programs that offer the seats for free or at a discount.

ClubMom's AutoPro, Jayne O'Donnell, is a Washington, D.C.-based reporter (and new mom!) whose automotive expertise and investigative reporting skills have helped break some of the biggest auto-safety stories of the past several years.

Copyright © 1999-2004 ClubMom, Inc. All rights reserved.

Child Safety Seats Get Safer

The newest breed of seating systems keeps kid passengers more secure and makes installation a snap

By Jayne O'Donnell
http://www.clubmom.com

For a new mom with just one infant, I take more than my share of child safety seats in and out of cars. That's because I test drive at least one new car or truck every week, and little Cate almost always comes along for the ride.

So it stands to reason that I'm excited about the new child seating system known as "LATCH" (short for Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children). LATCH has two components: a top-tether anchor for use with forward-facing seats and easy-lock lower anchor points for use with all child safety seats. LATCH is a blessing for anyone who's ever struggled with car seat belts to install a child safety seat. (And if you're really getting the child seat snug enough, you're doing some wrestling.) This new system eliminates the need to even touch the car's belts when you're putting in a child seat. The lower anchor portion of the LATCH system will be required in all new cars, minivans, and light trucks beginning September 1, 2002. But it has already shown up in many 2001 cars and trucks, including the Ford Escape sport-utility vehicle, General Motors' minivans, the Nissan Frontier pickup truck, the Infiniti G20 sedan, and Chrysler's redesigned minivans.

How LATCH Works
In vehicles equipped with lower anchors, safety seat anchors are tucked away in the space where the seat back meets the seat bottom (where the seat belts come out). New child seats—currently available from Fisher-Price and Cosco, and soon to be out from Britax—have special belts or hard attachment points with hooks that connect to the anchors. Once the seat is hooked in, you simply tighten the child-seat belts according to directions and you should be ready to roll with a seat that's sure to be properly secured. If you have an older car, the new child seats can also be installed via the regular seat belts. By September 2002, all child safety seats will also have to have two lower attachments that connect to a vehicle's LATCH anchorage points.

Even if your vehicle isn't equipped with the lower anchor, car seat tether straps attached to anchor tether points in the vehicle can improve child-seat security. As of September 1, 2000, all new cars, minivans, and trucks were required to have anchors for use with child-seat tether straps. These anchors are often found on the shelf behind the back seat of a car, or on the seat back or floor of a van or SUV. When attached to the tether strap found on most new child seats, these anchors help reduce head injury to children by decreasing the distance your child's head moves forward in a crash. Older-model cars can be retrofitted with tether anchor attachments, so contact your dealer. (Some older safety seats can also be fitted with the tether, so contact the manufacturer.)

Room for Improvement
Alas, nothing is ever truly easy when it comes to protecting kids in cars. I have two nits about the new LATCH system. First, because the government requires automakers to have the lower anchors in two rear seating positions, you usually get them in the seats next to the doors and not the safest center seat. Phil Haseltine, president of the Automotive Coalition for Traffic Safety and chairman of the advisory panel that recommended the system, says that's because many rear seats aren't big enough to accommodate two full-size child seats right next to each other. (In that case, maybe a third center-seat should be mandatory!) However, the top tether anchors are required in three positions.

Second complaint: On most cars I've tested with LATCH, it's much easier to hook the seats in than to unhook them. This should be less of a problem when child-seat makers begin selling special LATCH seats with hard lower attachment points instead of standard seats with LATCH mini-belts. Then again, most people won't be taking their child safety seats in and out of cars as often as I do.

ClubMom's AutoPro, Jayne O'Donnell, is a Washington, D.C.-based reporter (and new mom!) whose automotive expertise and investigative reporting skills have helped break some of the biggest auto-safety stories of the past several years.

Copyright © 1999-2004 ClubMom, Inc. All rights reserved.